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Golgi apparatus diagram

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Quick look: Golgi apparatus(or complex, or body, or ‘the ‘Golgi’) is found in all plant and animal cells and is the term given to groups of flattened disc-like structures located close to the endoplasmic reticulum.

The number of ‘Golgi apparatus’ within a cell is variable. Animal cells tend to have fewer and larger Golgi apparatus. Plant cells can contain as many as several hundred smaller versions.

The Golgi apparatus receives proteins and lipids (fats) from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It modifies some of them and sorts, concentrates and packs them into sealed droplets called vesicles. Depending on the contents these are despatched to one of three destinations:

Destination 1: within the cell, to organelles called lysosomes.
Destination 2: the plasma membrane of the cell
Destination 3: outside of the cell.

The name behind the apparatus
The Golgi apparatus is the only cell organelle to be named after a scientist. The visible characteristics of the organelle were first reported by Camillo Golgi (1843-1926) at a meeting of the M

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The Golgi apparatus (also known as Golgi complex or Golgi body) is responsible for sorting, storing, modifying and exporting cellular material

  • It is composed of a series of flattened sacs (called cisternae) that are located between the ER (cis facing) and the plasma membrane (trans facing)

  • Proteins (from rough ER) and lipids (from smooth ER) arrive in vesicles at the Golgi body and are modified into functional molecules

  • The different sacs are responsible for specific chemical modifications based on the enzymes involved (e.g. phosphorylation, glycosylation, etc.)

  • Secretory proteins, glycoproteins, cell membrane proteins, lysosomal proteins, and some glycolipids all pass through the Golgi apparatus 

  • In plant cells, much of the cell wall material passes through the Golgi apparatus as well

Materials destined for secretion are packaged into vesicles at the Golgi body for extracellular release (exocytosis)

  • These materials can be eithe

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    ​Golgi Body

    The Golgi body is a portion of the cell that's made up of membranes, and there's different types of membranes. Some of them are tubules, and some of them are vesicles. The Golgi is located right near the nucleus. It's called a perinuclear body, and it's actually right near the endoplasmic reticulum as well. And when proteins come out of the endoplasmic reticulum, they go into the Golgi for further processing. For example, carbohydrates are put on some of the proteins, and then afterwards these glycoproteins--meaning they have carbohydrate as well as protein on them, these glycoproteins move out of the Golgi to the rest of the cell. And they do so inside other vesicles. Those vesicles are actually made from the Golgi network. In fact, one of the functions of the Golgi is to make new vesicles out of the existing membrane of the Golgi and put into those vesicles the glycoproteins and other substances that are made in the Golgi network. And then those vesicles, filled with the Golgi products, move to the rest of the cell, usually through the cell to the plasma membrane,

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