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Sani Abacha

(b. 20 Sept. 1943, d. 8 June 1998).

Nigerian dictator 1993–8 Born in Kano of the Hausa people, he was educated at the local government college before entering the army in 1962. He rose through its ranks to become major-general in 1984, and was part of the ruling Supreme Military Council (1984–5). A close colleague of Babangida, he supported his military coup in 1985 and was made Chief of Staff. Abacha became Minister of Defence in 1990. Following Babangida's electoral defeat by Abiola in 1993, he staged a coup against Babangida and became President himself on 18 November 1993. Despite waves of protest strikes, he outlawed all democratic political institutions, pacifying some of the strikers through withdrawing a number of the draconian economic policies he had introduced, such as a 600 per cent increase in the price of petrol. Abacha managed to defy growing international pressure for an end to his brutal regime. Western sanctions remained ineffective as long as they excluded Nigeria's vital export commodity, oil. He clung on to power despite domestic and internationa

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Preface

1The four and a half years of the Sani Abacha regime stand out as a watershed in the history of independent Nigeria. When Abacha came into power on 17 November 1993, Nigerians were initially hopeful that he would install MKO Abiola as president (the widely acclaimed winner of the 1993 June 12^th election), as Abacha chose so many of MKO's supporters as ministers in his government. Abacha's agenda, however, did not follow that scenario, and within six months of his rule, the Nigerian dictator endorsed Ibrahim Babangida's annulment of the presidential election, before launching another transition programme which unravelled into a self-succession bid.

2The ingredients associated with General Abacha's rule were not new to Nigerians. Following the overthrow of the Second Republic in December 1983, his military predecessors (Generals Buhari and Idiagbon) asserted their legitimacy to rule with a vow to clean up corruption in government, and to restore accountability in the public sector. Many civilian governors were arrested on corruption charges, many officers were summa

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Sani Abacha

Military head of state of Nigeria from 1993 to 1998

Sani AbachaGCFR ((listen^ⓘ); (20 September 1943 – 8 June 1998) was a Nigerian military dictator and statesman who ruled Nigeria with an iron-fist as military head of state from 1993 following a palace coup d'état until his death in 1998.^[1]^[2]

Abacha's seizure of power was the last successful coup d'état in Nigerian military history. He wielded power with an unyielding attitude and his rule heralded an unprecedented total disregard for human rights with several political assassinations and summary executions of dissidents and political opponents in Nigeria. His rule drew disrepute to the country with Nigeria becoming a pariah state in international relations particularly with regards to the execution of environmental activist Ken Saro-Wiwa.^[3]^[4]

Sani Abacha was considered one of the twentieth century's most corrupt dictators^[5] and as a kleptocrat for the alleged embezzlement of US$2–5 billion. Abacha, and his family, allegedly hid most of the loot abro