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Fascist Italy

Period of Italian history (1922–1943)

This article is about the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist rule. For the German puppet state from 1943 to 1945, see Italian Social Republic.

Fascist Italy (Italian: Italia Fascista) is a term which is used in historiography to describe the Kingdom of Italy when it was governed by the National Fascist Party from 1922 to 1943 with Benito Mussolini as prime minister and dictator. The Italian Fascists imposed totalitarian rule and crushed political opposition, while simultaneously promoting economic modernization, traditional social values and a rapprochement with the Roman Catholic Church.

According to historian Stanley G. Payne, "[the] Fascist government passed through several relatively distinct phases". The first phase (1922–1925) was nominally a continuation of the parliamentary system, albeit with a "legally-organized executive dictatorship". In foreign policy, Mussolini ordered the Pacification of Libya against rebels in the Italian colonies of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica (eventually unified in Italian Libya), inflicte

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How Fascism Changed The Italian Language

Fascist Italy was extremely proud, patriotic, authoritarian and, above all, nationalist. The regime was in part founded on the goal of unifying and centralizing the Italian language to strengthen the national identity, the state’s centrality, the power of propaganda and popular approval, thereby eliminating regionalism and individualism. Since the regime aimed to create strong national pride that could lead everyone to hate everything that wasn’t “Italian,” this linguistic policy became fundamental to inciting anti-Semitic hatred that led to the eventual deportation of thousands of people. In 1923, the regime enacted a compulsory Italianization policy within the Slovenian communities of Gorizia, Trieste, Pola and Zara. The policy quickly took hold throughout the entire country.

In order to eliminate foreign phrases and words and replace them with words that fell into disuse with the fall of the regime and the liberation by the Allied forces, the policy was violently and sometimes grotesquely imposed. One of the most notably absurd and cum

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Fascism in Italy

Introduction

Several fascist states arose in Europe between the two world wars. Hitler’s Germany is the most well-known. However, Mussolini’s Italy was the first. Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922, eleven years before Hitler did. Mussolini had founded Italy’s Fascist Party in 1919. Il Duce¹ even coined the term “totalitarian.” In this article we look at how Fascists came to power in Italy. We will also consider their efforts to create an authoritarian, totalitarian² state.

Early success in the Po Valley

Italian fascism gained power during the 1920s and 1930s. Fascists were aided by a deep economic crisis. Their rise started with violent clashes in 1920. They took place in the northern part of Italy. There, workers were unhappy about pay and work conditions. Tensions escalated. Landowning farmers were in conflict with Socialist-backed workers. The Fascists formed a street-fighting group to support the landowners. Led by Mussolini, they were called the Blackshirts. On November 21, “squads” of Blackshirts launche